What is Jal Jeevan Mission?

Prime Minister Narendra Modi during his Independence Day address at the Red Fort in New Delhi, announced an outlay of Rs 3.5 Lakh Crore for the Jal Jeevan Mission. The aim of the Jal Jeevan Mission is to provide drinking water to all citizens of India. The Centre and the States would join together under the Jal Jeevan Mission to provide piped water to every household in India.

What is Jal Jeevan Mission?

The scheme was launched with the aim of ‘Har Ghar Jal’ or supplying piped water to every rural household by 2024. Jal Jeevan Mission focuses on Rainwater Harvesting, Groundwater recharge, Reuse of waste water for agricultural purposes and so on. PM Modi said that nearly half of India had no access to drinking water and this was a serious deterrent in the country’s efforts to combat poverty. Half the households in India have no access to drinking water. Half their day is spent in getting water. The Government wants to provide drinking water to all. He also added that just like the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, the Jal Jeevan Mission must also be a people’s mission.

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What is Jal Jeevan Mission?

Why Jal Jeevan Mission?

• Half of India has no access to drinking water and this is hindering India’s efforts to combat poverty.
• Indian agriculture in spite of the increase in irrigated area over the last 70 years is still dependent on the monsoons. A bad or below normal monsoon means drought and crop failures and a massive loss of income for the farmers.
• If there’s no sufficient water supply for domestic and industrial use, the economy comes under stress.

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What is Rainwater Harvesting?

Rainwater harvesting is a very simple method in which rainfall is collected for future use. Rainwater harvesting is the collection and storage of rain water for human, plants and animal needs. This water can be used in time of need.

For Rainwater Harvesting:

• You have the catchment from where water is captured or stored.
• A conveyance from where the captured water is sent to the storage zone.
• Filter used to remove pollutants.
•  Storage Tanks.

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Urban Rainwater Harvesting:

• Surface Runoff Harvesting: This method is very suitable for urban areas. Surface runoff rainwater is redirected and stored for use in specially-built reservoirs which could be on the surface or underground. You enjoy a steady supply of potable water and also water for domestic use.
• Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting: This system can be used in schools, colleges and institutional buildings which have available roof space. The basic concept involves having a container placed beneath the roof level. This rainwater is directed through pipes for use. However, industrial-grade rooftop rainwater harvesting is quite complex.

Benefits of Rainwater Harvesting:

• It’s easy to maintain.
• Reduces your water bills.
• Water can be used for non-drinking purposes.
• Reduces demand for ground water.
• Very suitable for irrigation

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What is Groundwater Recharge?

Groundwater recharge is basically water moving downwards from surface water to groundwater. The recharge zone is the area where water enters an aquifer. In India poor monsoons mean crop failures, poverty, even farmer suicides. This problem can be solved by groundwater recharge. Low intensity rainfall is best for groundwater recharge.

Groundwater supports about 60% of irrigated agriculture and meets around 80% of rural and urban water needs. However, as cities develop there is more run off during the monsoons. Less water soaks through the ground to recharge the aquifers. Now, the Government is trying to put in measures for better rainwater harvesting and groundwater recharge. 

In the past two decades the city of Bengaluru has seen built-up area rise from 8% to 77%. It has also lost fourfifths of its water bodies. As lakes dry up, Bengaluru looks up to rainwater harvesting and groundwater recharge to meet its water needs. Bengaluru can also look to the “One Million Wells for Bengaluru”, initiate to solve its water problems.

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